The aim of this paper is to shed light on the effect of Low Emission Zones (LEZs) on traffic. LEZs are areas in which access is restricted for the most polluting vehicles. They have been found to be effective in reducing pollution, while the expected effect on traffic is not...

We use census data on external assessments in primary and secondary school in the Basque Country (Spain) to estimate learning losses due to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021, one year after school closures, which lasted from March to June 2020. Differences-in-differences with student and school-by-grade fixed effects show an...

El Informe IEB sobre Federalismo Fiscal y Finanzas Públicas se publica cada año, desde 2009, con el objetivo de analizar cuestiones de gran relevancia y actualidad relacionadas con el federalismo fiscal y las finanzas públicas.

Concerns related to housing affordability are widespread in cities worldwide, and discussions about adopting rent control policies abound. This paper studies the effects of a rent control policy adopted in Catalonia in September 2020 that applies to some but not all municipalities. The policy virtually covers all the rental market...

Antes de que la crisis del coronavirus cambiara las coordenadas del sistema económico y social, el sector energético ya había comenzado a afrontar el reto de desarrollar el sistema energético del futuro –descarbonizado, descentralizado, digitalizado y democratizado– a fin de alcanzar los objetivos de energía y clima propuestos por la...

We study, theoretically and empirically, the link between voters’ support for public education and pensions when agents are free to choose between public and private education. We show that the (inter-generational) redistributive component in the retirement system creates a link between pensions and education. Specifically, the current investment in education...