The outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 inhibited face-to-face education and constrained exam taking. In many countries worldwide, high-stakes exams happening at the end of the school year determine college admissions. This paper investigates the impact of using historical data of school and high-stakes exams results to train a model to...

Worldwide, gang proliferation is fought mostly with tough punishment strategies such as sweeps. In this paper, I study their causal effect on crime for arrested individuals and known peers following a difference-in-differences strategy. I also take advantage of the network structure I retrieved to assess peer effects and identify key...

Cross-border medical care, defined as care facilitated by a local health provider under pre-established regional agreements as in the case of EU citizens accessing care within EU countries, has been on the rise. Unlike medical tourism, typically sought by patients through their own volition and paid for out-of-pocket, cross-border medical...

Bullying is a problem that affects children and teenagers around the world and its repercussions can endure throughout adult life. Its prevalence is, in part, a product of the lack of information and the paucity of studies which analyse the wide-ranging consequences for the individuals involved. The main objective of...

Unfortunately, we can find pockets of poverty, inequality and social exclusion even in the midst of the most developed countries; those that have the most consolidated level of wellbeing. This IEB Report analyses the current situation of poverty in Spain and Europe. Although the differences between countries are notable, poverty...

The Barcelona Institute of Economics (IEB) presents the IEB Report 3/20 entitled “Legalization of undocumented immigrants: what do we know?” which draws on academic papers to systematize empirical evidence on the socioeconomic impacts of immigrant amnesties on the host economies.