The growth in the number of tourist arrivals in Spain in recent years has had significant economic repercussions; yet, little has been reported about its negative impact. This study goes some way to rectifying this by estimating the impact of tourist activity on crime rates in the Spanish provinces during the period 2000-2008. We use both 2-SLS and GMM techniques in a panel data framework to overcome the various challenges posed by estimating this relationship, namely, controlling for the unobserved characteristics of the provinces, and accounting for both the possible endogeneity of the tourist variable and the inertia of criminal activities. The results show that tourist arrivals have a positive and significant impact on crimes against both property and the person.

Nuestro sistema fiscal (SFE) tiene ya 35 años. En concreto, tiene su origen en la Ley 50/1977, de 14 de noviembre de Medidas Urgentes de Reforma Fiscal. Durante estos 35 años, España ha sufrido cambios importantes. El país ha experimentado un notable proceso de crecimiento económico, en parte, gracias a nuestra entrada en el mercado único europeo, hoy Unión Económica y Monetaria. Además, de manera paralela, hemos pasado de una estructura de Estado centralizada a una descentralizada, en la cual la mitad del gasto público es realizado por los gobiernos autonómicos y locales. Pero, no sólo ha sido nuestro país el que ha experimentado cambios.

El principio básico que guió hasta finales de 2011 la actuación de las autoridades españolas frente a la crisis financiera no fue otro que reducir al máximo la carga soportada por los contribuyentes. Acorde con él, se descartó utilizar la solución que adoptaron un buen número de países, esto es recapitalizar masiva e inmediatamente con fondos públicos sus sistemas bancarios, optando en su lugar por exigir más provisiones y capital a las entidades con problemas, al tiempo que se incentivaba su fusión con otras más solventes.

La integración comercial interior de España recibió un gran impulso en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Anteriormente, las regiones eran economías relativamente independientes, debido a la presencia de barreras comerciales y a los altos costes de transporte. Durante el periodo entre 1860 y 1960 se consolida el mercado doméstico gracias a la liberalización comercial interior y a la finalización de la red nacional de ferrocarriles.

The relationship between socio-economic status and student achievement is well documented and a widespread literature indicates that students from more advantaged backgrounds perform better at school. Despite this relationship, several international assessments have highlighted that in each country there is a relevant proportion of “resilient students”, i.e. students who come from a disadvantaged socio-economic background but achieve relatively high levels of educational performance. In this paper, the determinants of resilience in the Italian educational system are investigated analysing data from the OECD-PISA 2009 edition, with a specific focus on the role of school-level variables that could help more students succeed. The aim is to target a specific category of resilient students, namely those who are characterised by a low socioeconomic background both at family level and at school level; therefore a novel statistical procedure is proposed to derive a sample of disadvantaged students who attend disadvantaged schools. Afterwards a multilevel logistic approach is adopted to determine which characteristics of students, families and schools, tend to give disadvantaged students a higher probability of becoming a resilient. Our results confirm that not only individual-level characteristics, but also some school factors (i.e. extracurricular activities and school leadership) play a role in this direction, suggesting policy and managerial implications.